Monday, December 23, 2019

How Stress Affects Individuals Of All Ages, Genders, And...

Stress affects individuals of all ages, genders, and cultures. Either good or bad it effects daily life and can cause turmoil if not dealt with in a healthy manner. Take for example Josh Jones (client name has been changed to protect their confidentiality) a Caucasian adolescent male living in a rural Oregon school district. At age eleven he has just transitioned from elementary school to middle school and is adjusting to a larger pool of classmates and adapting to higher expectations set by his teachers. Josh is a middle child with two parents, one of whom recently lost their job; these multiple stressors in Josh’s life have accumulated to the point where Josh is having difficulty managing his stress prompting the following health†¦show more content†¦Some stress is good, the eustress, this is short lived stress which motivates individuals to develop good study skills or to make good decisions in difficult or frightening situations. Stress is not so good however when it endures for a long period of time. Distress occurs when an individual feels overwhelmed or out of control in their lives (Handling stress 2012) Long term stress, distress, impacts the body and can inflict negative, long term damage. Physical symptoms of distress can manifest as headaches, upset stomach, elevated blood pressure, chest pain, and problems sleeping, these are just a few of the many effects stress can inflict on the body (The effects of stress on your body 2014). As an adolescent many of these stress symptoms can be detrimental to Josh’s well-being and functioning in school, for example Josh should be receiving approximately ten hours of sleep a night, if he is unable to achieve that amount it can in turn present problems such as diabetes, obesity and depression (Sleep and sleep disorders 2015) this results in additional stress further exacerbating the issue and putting clients, like Josh, at serious risk of developing these health disorders. In order to prevent these effects of stress Josh must be able to recognize symptoms of stress and be given tools to manage his stress in day to day life. Recognizabl e symptoms include anger, feelings of anxiety and fear

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Key Historical Developments in Nursing Research Free Essays

Introduction The aim of this paper is to discus key historical developments in nursing research and nursing research utilization. The aforementioned events will be grouped into five categories, namely Nursing Research, Nursing Publications, Emergence of Nursing Schools, Establishment of Research Institutes, and Research Utilization. Two examples per category will be presented. We will write a custom essay sample on Key Historical Developments in Nursing Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, the paper will analyze how and to what extent the selected events have influenced nursing research. Nursing Research Many nursing theorists deserve being mentioned in this section, however, the selected ones produced the most significant impact on further nursing research and research utilization. Dorothea E. Orem, the author of Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, began its development in 1950’s. The theory holds that adults are generally expected to perform self-care themselves, but if they fail to do so, nursing should be provided. Another important theory, namely Modeling and Role-Modeling theory, was developed by Tomlin, Swain and Erickson. It was presented in a book, which was first published in 1983. Theoretical models exemplified the need for a new approach to nursing. They showed that nursing, like any other science, should be based on Nursing Publications American Journal of Nursing was first published in 1900. It is believed to be not only the oldest but also the most widely read nursing publication in the world. Slightly more than half a century later the first issue of Nursing Research, the official journal of the Eastern Nursing Research Society and the Western Institute of Nursing, was published in 1951. Professional journals are crucial for knowledge exchange among specialists from the given field. In addition, emergence of nursing journals legitimized nursing research as a separate field of study. Emergence of Nursing Schools Yale School of Nursing established in 1923 was the first autonomous to teach and research nursing issues. In 1956 the Columbia University School of Nursing became first in the country to award a master’s degree in a clinical nursing. All reputable nursing schools focus not only on teaching but also research. As the official website of Yale School of Nursing informs, the school â€Å"relies heavily on its deep tradition of excellence in research† and assures that at â€Å"one of the world’s most distinguished research universities, scholarship reflects the interchange between practice and knowledge† (Yale School of Nursing, 2007, â€Å"Research and Scholarship†). Establishment of Research Institutes Western Institute of Nursing was established in 1957 as the Western Council on Higher Education for Nursing (WCHEN) and given its present name in 1985. It is best known as the organizer of the annual Communicating Nursing Research conference, the older event of such kind in the United States (The Western Institute of Nursing, 2007). The National Institute for Nursing Research (NINR) was founded in 1986 and played an important role in further advancement of nursing research by offering funding opportunities and coordinating the effort by many dispersed institutions. Both institutions offer small grants for nursing research and sustain a network of organizations and individuals involved in this research. Research Utilization There are different models of nursing research utilization, which were developed during the last four decades. Developed by the Michigan Nurses Association model referred to as Conduct and Utilization of Research in Nursing (CURN) advises determining the credibility of scientific studies before implementation (MacGuire, 2006). Historically, this method can be attributed to 1970s-1980s decades, since the most prominent works advocating this method, namely â€Å"Research utilization as an organizational process† (1978) by Horsley, Crane and Bingle, â€Å"Developing research-based innovation protocols: process, criteria, and issues† (1979) by Haller, Reynolds and Horsley, and â€Å"Using Research to Improve Nursing Practice: A Guide† (1983) by Horsley, Crane, Crabtree and Wood appeared during these decades. The Stetler Model of Research Utilization and Iowa Model for Research in Practice appeared simultaneously in 1994 (Beyea Nicoll, 1997). The first model establishes six-step model for nursing research utilization (preparation, validation, comparative evaluation, decision making, translation and application, and evaluation), while the latter is based on Quality Assurance Model Using Research (1987) and emphasizes multidisciplinary approach to evidence-based healthcare. The emergence of these models provided a clear framework for the implementation of nursing research findings into everyday nursing practice. Conclusion Nursing research and nursing research utilization evolved over the centuries, yet the most important period in the history of nursing research started in the second half of the 20th centuries due to the emergence of scientific theories, specialized publications, nursing schools, and research institutes. References Beyea,  S.C., Nicoll, L.H. (March 1997). â€Å"Research utilization models help disseminate research findings and ultimately improve patient outcomes.† AORN Journal, 65(5), 978-9. MacGuire, J.M. (2006). â€Å"Putting nursing research findings into practice: research utilization as an aspect of the management of change.† Journal of Advanced Nursing, 53 (1), 65-71. Yale School of Nursing. (May 25, 2007). Home Page. Retrieved June 17, 2007, from the World Wide Web: http://nursing.yale.edu/ How to cite Key Historical Developments in Nursing Research, Essays

Saturday, December 7, 2019

English Speech - After The First Death free essay sample

English speech Good morning, teachers and year 11’s, Identity is one of the main themes in the novel After the First Death by Robert Cormier. Identity defined is the individual characteristics by which a thing or person is recognized or known by. Throughout the book, Kate, the main character is constantly changing her emotions and the way she acts showing her different sides. When the main character, Kate appears, She is said to be silent. This tells the reader, that she does not want to confront the terrorists, which also brings us to the point that Kate is not a very brave person. When the reader first meets Kate it had said that, She regarded then in shocked silence, mouth agape, eyes wide open with disbelief. This tells the reader that she is terrified and scared. The central theme of self identity is presented multiple times through main characters such as Kate. We will write a custom essay sample on English Speech After The First Death or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She struggles with finding her true identity and becoming brave. My visual representation represents how Kate and the children on the bus are pure and superior to Miro and artkin. The black and white are conflicting colours and white rocks show that the children and Kate are pure and the black shows Miro and Atkin. The black represents the colours of the balaclavas and the colour of Miro’s skin. The black also is a less superior colour than white, representing that the children and Kate are more important. The ratio of white to black rocks demonstrations that there more innocent characters than immoral characters in the novel. The jar is the thing that all the characters have in common; they are trapped in this and cannot get out. This represents the situation they are all in. Wanting to get out but cant. Thankyou†¦